Dermatology
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Skin diseases are conditions that affect your skin. These diseases may cause rashes, inflammation, itchiness or other skin changes. Some skin conditions may be genetic, while lifestyle factors may cause others. Skin disease treatment may include medications, creams or ointments, or lifestyle changes.
Eczema
Although eczema may look different from person to person, it is most often characterized by dry, red, extremely itchy patches on the skin. Eczema can occur on just about any part of the body; however, in infants, eczema typically occurs on the forehead,cheeks, forearms, legs, scalp, and neck. In children and adults, eczema typically occurs on the face, neck, and the insides of the elbows, knees, and ankles. In some people, eczema may “bubble up” and ooze. Chronic scratching causes the skin to take on a leathery texture because the skin thickens (lichenification).
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a medical condition that occurs when skin cells grow too quickly. Faulty signals in the immune system cause new skin cells to form in days rather than weeks. The body does not shed these excess skin cells, so the cells pile up on the surface of the skin and lesions form. Some common triggers are a stressful life event, skin injury, and throat infection. Many people say that that their psoriasis first appeared after experiencing one of these. Triggers are not universal. What triggers psoriasis in one person may not cause psoriasis to develop in another.
Fungal Infection
Fungal infection is a common infection in the tropics. There are different types of fungal infection but most of them favour areas of the body which are moist and sweaty like the feet, toes, groins, buttocks and nails. Some people with depressed immune response like diabetes can also have more recurrent or widespread fungal infections.
Keloids / Hypertrophic Scars
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are fibroproliferative disorders that result from aberrant wound healing in predisposed individuals following trauma, inflammation, surgery, or burns. While hypertrophic scars do not exceed the margins of the original wound, keloids are characterized by continuous growth and invasion into the adjacent, healthy skin beyond the original wound boundary.
Conservative therapies are first-line treatments for hypertrophic scars. They include topical or a cocktail mix of intralesional corticosteroids with chemotherapeutic agents, compression therapy with silicone gel sheeting and fractional lasers.
Skin Growths
Skin changes as you grow older and are exposed to sunlight, health conditions, trauma and other environmental changes. Skin growths can range from skintags, warts, birth marks ( Acquired or congenital melanocytic nevi), moles, seborrhoeic keratosis to cysts and benign growths (dermatofibroma, lipomas). These may multiply or darken over time. Finding cancerous skin growths early is important because that is when treatment is most likely to be effective. Diagnosis involves an accurate dermoscopic evaluation along with histopathology. Definitive treatment involves curettage, radiofrequency ablation, ablative lasers and surgical excisions after subjective evaluation.
Mole Excision
Moles are removed if it is suspected to be cancerous or for cosmetic reasons. Diagnostic evaluation involves dermoscopic examination and histopathology. Surgical excision, shave excision, curettage, cryotherapy or ablative lasers under local anaesthesia are done as treatment modalities.
Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is a condition that causes excessive sweating. If left untreated, these problems may continue throughout your life. Excessive sweating can cause embarrassment and social isolation.
Severe cases can also have serious practical consequences, making it hard for people who have it to hold a pen, grip a car steering wheel, or shake hands. But there are treatments to help with hyperhidrosis which involves topical drying agents, oral medications and botulinum toxin injections.
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition that mainly affects the scalp. It causes scaly patches, inflamed skin and stubborn dandruff. It usually affects oily areas of the body such as the face, sides of the nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids and chest. Use of medicated antidandruff shampoos and topical antifungals are warranted to clear up symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
Urticaria
Urticaria (hives) are itchy skin welts, a flare-up of raised red patches with a clear, distinct edge that suddenly appears on specific skin areas or spreads widely throughout the body. Urticaria is a skin reaction to allergens that the body is exposed to, and it can range in size from millimeters to palm size. Urticaria is typically relieved with oral antihistamines and topicals and resolves on its own within few hours. It could be spontaneous or inducible by definite triggers such as food, dust, pollen, sweat, heat and pressure.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a skin disorder in which patients develop white spots on the skin that vary in size and location. These spots occur when pigment cells called “melanocytes” are destroyed and the pigment melanin can no longer be produced. Pigment cells are present throughout the skin, hair, mouth, eyes and some part of the nervous system and they can be damaged or destroyed in any of these areas.
Neurodermatitis
This common eczema develops when nerve endings in the skin become irritated, triggering a severe itch-scratch-itch cycle. Common causes of nerve irritation include an insect bite and emotional stress. Intensely itchy skin that is usually itchiest when the person is resting or relaxing. Once the skin is scratched, a vicious itch-scratch-itch cycle develops. The more the skin is scratched, rubbed, or even touched, the more it itches. The itch can become so intense that it disrupts sleep.
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